Iraq's largest cell phone company, Iraqna, is being disrupted on an ongoing basis (from the WSJ):
Note the lack of alignment between the security ecosystem and a major infrastructure system. This reduces global investment in the country (money flows), slows economic growth, and ultimately hurts the government's legitimacy. Also, note the innovative disruption technique: clone towers.Almost half of Iraqna's 300 power generators -- a necessity in Iraqi cities, because blackouts are still a daily occurrence -- have been stolen. Three communication sites were destroyed by bombs. Late last year, insurgents kidnapped two Iraqna engineers, expatriates from Egypt, and accused them of collaborating with the U.S. Then, Iraqi security services raided Iraqna headquarters and briefly detained the company's head of security, accusing him of colluding with the insurgents.
Despite pouring more than $180 million into Iraq, making it one of the largest private foreign investors here, Iraqna has had trouble assuring regular service in Baghdad. Late last year and throughout the first half of 2005 its network was plagued by frequent outages that sometimes lasted hours or days, causing widespread resentment. Bombarded with complaints, Iraqna officials have pointed their fingers in one direction: the U.S. All along, U.S. forces here have been using jamming devices to disrupt enemy communications during security raids and to neutralize cellphones attached to bombs that may be waiting along the road when a convoy passes. When called, these phones work as detonators, making the bombs explode.
On at least one occasion, he says, the Iraqi investigators discovered a "clone" broadcast tower operating in central Baghdad that falsely identified itself as part of the Iraqna network. The result of such "intelligent jamming" was that all the phones in the area tried to abandon the real antenna and switch to the clone, causing a network overload and a massive disruption of service.