Dynamic instability can enable systems to perform at exceedingly high levels of efficiency due to radical improvements in responsiveness (to even very small inputs). Unfortunately, it comes at a cost. Legacy structures within the system, that aren't designed to withstand the stresses at this level of performance will fragment. In a nutshell, this is exactly what the world is experiencing as rapid globalization (towards the emergence of a dynamically unstable global platform -- think in terms of fluid capital filled with hot money, service oriented interconnections between enterprise software systems that reduce barriers to interconnections/switching, and global JIT logistics that reduce inventories to hours of supply) continues to produce incredible wealth. It comes at a cost: severe stress cracks in the nation-state (the legacy structure -- think in terms of decaying social safety nets, slow moving/ineffective international organizations that aren't addressing tough global problems, and an increasing reliance on the private sector to shore up security/services).
As this process continues (likely inevitable), segments of populations will move towards alternative organizational structures centered around primary loyalties in compensation. The reason is that these loyalties -- gang, tribe, clan, ethnicity, religion, and more -- can power a much more cohesive organizational alternative to that of the nation-state. We are seeing this process of fragmentation emerge globally.
However, if you think that this is only a process underway in the developing world, you would be wrong. The challenge of primary loyalties has even reached the US military. Here's a video from FOX 11 News in Los Angeles on the topic (video link).