Iraq has had three elections that have led to chaos. Bringing society out of that chaos has meant a recourse not to laws or a constitution, but to blood ties. The Anbar Awakening has been a rebuff not only to the extremism of al-Qaeda, but to democracy itself.Kaplan's argument is based more on multi-culturalism than the decline of the state.
Do sub-state groups that have organic legitimacy have a place in a new global order, or will they always be outsiders fighting to hollow it out?